Quantum steering represents a significant resource in quantum mechanics, manifesting as a non-classical correlation positioned between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Its distinctive asymmetric properties and substantial research implications span both fundamental physics and applied science. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental characteristics, current developments, and emerging trends in quantum steering research. Through an examination of quantum steering in discrete and continuous variables across various degrees of freedom, the paper elucidates its extensive physical implications. Analysis of high-dimensional quantum steering characteristics demonstrates its robust resistance to noise interference. The investigation of quantum steering applications encompasses quantum networks, one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution, quantum random number generation, and quantum communication, highlighting its substantial potential for future quantum industry development. As quantum technology advances and incorporates interdisciplinary approaches, particularly artificial intelligence, quantum steering is positioned to serve as a crucial driver in the evolution of quantum information technology and its industrial applications.