Developing new quality productivity and enhancing the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization are of crucial importance for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the protected vegetable industry, as an important means to improve vegetable yield and quality, has drawn increasing attention in terms of the evaluation of its resource utilization efficiency. In recent years, Shanghai has been vigorously promoting the development of the protected vegetable industry and continuously accelerating the construction of modern protected vegetable bases. This paper focuses on Pudong New Area, which is a national leading area for modern facility agriculture innovation. It comprehensively analyzes the resource utilization efficiency of protected vegetables by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods. The study finds that among the 56 valid decision-making units, 27 are relatively DEA-efficient, while 29 have efficiency problems. In terms of pure technical efficiency, 31 decision-making units are efficient, with an average pure technical efficiency value of 0.873; in terms of scale efficiency, 27 decision-making units are efficient. Further analysis shows that scale efficiency is the main factor affecting technical efficiency, and some inefficient decision-making units have room for improvement in resource allocation, management, and technology application. Through the grey relational analysis to rank the efficient decision-making units, it is found that the gap between each efficient unit and the ideal unit is small, and the resource utilization situation is relatively good. At the same time, the improvement analysis of the inefficient decision-making units clarifies the adjustment directions of the input and output indicators of each unit. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes suggestions such as moderate-scale operation, attaching importance to the innovation and application of protected vegetable technology, developing vegetable processing enterprises, and promoting brand building. This study not only enriches the research cases on the resource utilization efficiency of facility agricultural land but also provides targeted reference opinions for the development of the protected vegetable industry in Pudong New Area and other leading areas for modern facility agriculture innovation. It has theoretical and practical significance for the development of new quality productivity in the field of facility agriculture.