Bioaerosols are a major hazard to public safety, and fluorescence lidar is a powerful tool for remote sensing to obtain bioaerosol information. In order to solve the problem of optimising the design of key system parameters in the development of fluorescence lidar, a test platform for fluorescence signal detection is designed and constructed in this work. In the platform, a UV laser with adjustable emission energy is adopted as excitation light source to test the effect of excitation energy on the detection capability, a grating monochromator with a wide range of adjustable central wavelength is used in the receiving optical path for fluorescence signal extraction, which is convinent to optimize the central wavelength of fluorescence detection for bioaerosols. At the same time, the bandwidth of the fluorescence signal reception for the platform is adjustable, which is used to optimize the optical bandwidth of the lidar, and the optoelectronic signal detection unit adopts photon counting mode for weak lidar signal detection. The experimental results show that, the laser emission energy, fluorescence receiving wavelength, and optical bandwidth the platform are flexibly adjustable, and and the detection performance of lidar can be optimized by adjusting these key parmeters, which is conducive to the study of the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence peak characteristics of bioaerosols. The platform can provide guidance for the design of fluorescence lidar system and the experimental study of fluorescence spectroscopy of bioaerosols.