Liquid crystals, with their multifunctional and tunable properties, have garnered significant attention in the field of information security. Due to their unique molecular structures and phase transition properties, liquid crystals can alter their characteristics in response to external stimuli, such as reversible switching between light scattering and transparent states, dynamic changes in structural color, and variations in rigidity. Through doping stimuli-responsive molecules or dyes into the liquid crystal matrix, it can not only improve the physical and optical properties of the liquid crystals, but also impart additional stimulus-responsive functions, or even multiple stimuli responses, thus enabling multi-mode or multi-level dynamic information storage. Applying liquid crystal materials to anti-counterfeiting labels enables efficient and visual authentication of products and documents, effectively countering forgery and tampering. This article reviews the latest technological advancements of liquid crystal materials in the fields of encryption and anti-counterfeiting. It systematically introduces the design and manufacturing strategies of stimulus-responsive liquid crystal materials, and their response mechanisms under single and multiple stimuli, such as light, heat, stress, humidity and electricity, and discusses specific application cases in encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Finally, the prospect and challenges of liquid crystal materials in the field of information security are introduced. This review provides important guidance for the design and development of in liquid crystal materials in encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications.