In this paper, three-dimensional network cellular structure and TPMS structure ceramic skeleton were prepared by light curing 3D printing technology. The metal was filled in the skeleton by no pressure metal fusion method, and the Al2O3/Al composite material of 3D continuous network was successfully prepared. The compression fracture behaviors and main fracture mechanisms of the two structured composites were investigated. The results show that the ultimate compressive strength and energy absorption of the TPMS composite are 260.64 MPa and 791.19 kJ/m3, which are 4.8 times and 15.5 times of that of the honeycomb structure, respectively. Analysis reveals that composite compression failure entails a combination of toughness and brittle fractures. The TPMS structural composite effectively redistributes stress and transfers loads owing to its smooth and regular topology, thus offering enhanced strength and ductility, with promising applications.