Carbon pricing mechanisms and the development of carbon markets are dicussed, focusing on the impact of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on China. By reviewing the theoretical origins and global practices of carbon trading systems, the legislative background, core rules, and implementation pathways of the EU's CBAM are analysed. Through analysis, the following viewpoints are proposed: CBAM will increase the export costs for Chinese enterprises to the EU, intensify data management pressures, and potentially trigger a low-carbon restructuring of industrial chains. Recommendations include strengthening carbon emission management, advancing green technology upgrades, and leveraging national policies and international cooperation to narrow the carbon price gap and enhance international competitiveness.