Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have important applications in quantum sensing and precision measurement owing to their unique photoluminescence and electron spin resonance properties. Through the integration of NV color centers as quantum sensors at the probe tip coupled with the combination of confocal and scanning probe technologies, this study designs a scanning microscopy system based on these centers. This method successfully breaks through the bottleneck of micro magnetic imaging required for detecting magnetic materials. This system was used to perform magnetic imaging of iron oxide samples, revealing their microscopic magnetic domain structure. Based on a comparative analysis with magnetic field microscopy imaging results, the advantages of scanning NV microscopy in microscopic magnetic imaging are demonstrated. Therefore, based on this study, future research can focus on the micro magnetic detection of two-dimensional iron oxide materials and their applications in catalysis and other fields.