Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 1, Issue 4, 04187(2003)
An investigation of high fractions of metastable helium atoms
Penning type discharge was adopted to excite helium atoms. It is suitable for generating high density of metastables at a range from 0.1 mTorr to 0.5 Torr. The highest metastable density of 3.5 * 10^(10) cm^(-3) was observed at a static gas pressure of 0.5 Torr. The highest fraction of metastables (N_(2^(1)S) = N_(He)) of 10^(-3) in a low gas pressure was obtained. The variation of the magnetic field strength on the discharge does not result in a significant density change of the metastable helium atoms. When no magnetic field was applied, no discharge took place.
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X. P. Feng, B. W. James, "An investigation of high fractions of metastable helium atoms," Chin. Opt. Lett. 1, 04187 (2003)