Micro-optic elements have been fabricated in silica and soda-lime glass with femtosecond laser pulses. The dependence of refractive index change on pulse duration, pulse energy and scan passes is investigated and a Fresnel zone plate is induced. A permanent computer-generated hologram encoded by the detour phase method is directly written by microexplosion. The stored image is reconstructed with a collimated He-Ne laser beam. Three-dimensional microchannels are drilled by water-assisted ablation. At low incident pulse energy, only one transverse microhole is observed. At high incident pulse energy, multiple transverse microholes are simultaneously drilled.