Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) serves as a high-precision space geodetic technique, significantly contributing to the determination of the origin and scale factor of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). However, system delay in SLR is one of the main factors affecting ranging accuracy, and traditional ground target measurement method has limitations in real-time performance. Traditional ground target measurements are carried out separately before and after satellite observation or at fixed time intervals, such as every 60 minutes. This approach has limitations in capturing the real-time changes in system delay, especially when system delay varies dynamically with time, environment, and operational status. For example, changes in environmental temperature and thermal drift of electronic equipment can cause dynamic changes in system delay, which cannot be promptly reflected by fixed-time interval measurements, affecting ranging accuracy and the real-time performance and reliability of observational data. To enhance SLR data precision, a method of obtaining SLR system delay values using the geodetic satellite LAGEOS-1 as a satellite target has been proposed and verified by the SLR system at Changchun Observatory. By adopting a strategy of alternating measurements between the satellite target and the observation target, the real-time performance of the measurement method is enhanced. Finally, the SLR observation data are improved using the SLR system delay values, offering support to enhance SLR ranging precision.The researchers selected LAGEOS-1 as the satellite target due to its strong orbital stability, broad motion coverage, and even data distribution (Fig.2). The study selected LAGEOS-1 as the satellite target due to its strong orbital stability, broad motion coverage, and even data distribution. It established a SLR range model, using precise ephemerides as the accurate result, and applied the least square method to the ranging residuals to obtain the system delay. Three satellites with different orbital altitudes, LAGEOS-2, AJISAI, and ETALON-1, were selected to validate the results.The precision of the ranging data corrected by the satellite target has improved, with enhancements ranging from 13.5 mm to 100.7 mm, averaging an improvement of 50.2%. The range bias of the observational targets has also decreased, with reductions between 13.7 mm and 142.1 mm, and an average improvement rate of 48.6% (Tab.5). Specifically, the RMS of the ranging residuals for the LAGEOS-2 satellite decreased by 57.2 mm and 14.9 mm, with relative change rates of 72.4% and 70.7%, respectively (Fig.4). For the AJISAI satellite, the RMS of the ranging residuals decreased by 70.2 mm, 44 mm, 13.5 mm, and 32.4 mm, with relative change rates of 31.9%, 74.2%, 12.8%, and 19.7%, respectively (Fig.5). The ETALON-1 satellite showed reductions in the RMS of the ranging residuals by 67.3 mm, 100.7 mm, 32.3 mm, 54.4 mm, and 65.3 mm, with relative change rates of 57.8%, 62.8%, 58.4%, 46.1%, and 45.8%, respectively (Fig.6).Compared to the AJISAI satellite, the SLR system delay values obtained by the satellite target demonstrated a better correction effect on the ETALON-1 satellite. The AJISAI satellite exhibited average improvement rates for the RMS of the ranging residuals and range bias of 34.6% and 45.8%, while the ETALON-1 satellite showed average improvement rates of 54.2% and 68.2%. The higher orbital altitude of ETALON-1, along with its lower angular velocity and slower system state changes, may contribute to the more significant correction effects observed when using LAGEOS-1 as the satellite target.A method for calibrating SLR system delays using the geodetic satellite LAGEOS-1 as a calibration target has been proposed. Compared to ground targets, LAGEOS-1 provides a reliable reference for system delay calibration with an observation accuracy difference of only 6 picoseconds. The effectiveness of this method was validated through alternating observations of satellites with varying orbital altitudes (LAGEOS-2, AJISAI, and ETALON-1) using the SLR system at the Changchun Observatory. The results indicate that, in the case study presented in this paper, the SLR system delay values obtained using the satellite target can enhance the precision of SLR data by 13.5 mm to 100.7 mm and reduce range biases by 13.7 mm to 142.1 mm. Notably, the calibration using the satellite target exhibits a more pronounced correction effect on the higher-orbit ETALON-1 satellite, suggesting that this method is particularly advantageous for calibrating delays when dealing with high-orbit satellites.