Compared with the traditional optical fiber sensing technology, Brillouin dynamic grating （BDG） has the advantages of multi-parameter simultaneous sensing and high measurement accuracy. At present, the research on BDG indicators is mainly based on the different types of BDG and BDG generated in different optical fiber media. There are four types of BDGs based on different types: chirp, phase shift, random and chaos. While chaotic BDG achieves high-precision and high-spatial resolution measurement, it can achieve a single, stable dynamic grating to overcome the influence of multiple gratings and its limitations in distributed optical fiber sensing. BDG generation media include single-mode fiber, few-mode fiber,polarization-maintaining fiber and photonic crystal fiber. Compared with other optical fibers, photonic crystal fiber has high birefringence coefficient and can improve the sensing distance. Firstly, the principle of BDG is introduced, and the application and research progress of chaotic BDG and photonic crystal fiber are reviewed in detail. At the same time, the application of BDG in multi-parameter simultaneous sensing, high-precision measurement and high spatial resolution in distributed optical fiber sensing is introduced. Finally, some problems in this field are discussed.