In off-axis digital holograms, there exists a certain off-axis angle between the object light and the reference light, and the magnitude of the off-axis angle reflects the degree of separation of the spectral positions of the +1-order image and the -1-order image in the hologram spectrum, which solves the problem of the twin image mixing in the on-axis holography. However, the off-axis angle also introduces tilt aberration to the phase measurement, which affects the accuracy of the phase measurement. In order to eliminate the off-axis tilt distortion in digital holography, an adaptive off-axis tilt distortion compensation method based on Gaussian high-pass filter (GHPF) is proposed. By performing Fourier transform and high-pass frequency domain filtering on the phase image, and based on the characteristic that most of the energy is concentrated within a small circular region in the spectrum, the cutoff frequency of the filter is adaptively selected using an energy threshold. This allows for the extraction of high-frequency details and improvement in off-axis tilt distortion removal and phase imaging accuracy. The holograms captured by the holographic optical path based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used for experimental verification, and the advantages of the method are analysed in comparison with other off-axis tilt aberration removal methods.