Aiming at the problem that the target signal may be submerged in the water scattering signal when the detector is near the ship wake, as well as the difficulty of detecting the low density and small bubbles, based on our previous researches, a method was proposed by comparing and analyzing the differences of the polarization effect of scattering characteristics when laser irradiated the micro-bubbles, water, we could distinguish bubble signals, as well as by measuring the Stokes parameters of scattered light, this can fully extract the information of ship wake field′s features. The scattering of the Stokes scattering matrix under different radius and scattering angles was calculated and compared with the scattering characteristics of water molecules. The results show that: (1) Stokes scattering characteristics of wake waves with different sizes have similarities and differences. (2) The scattering parameters of microbubbles are more obvious than those of water molecules. There is no oscillatory phenomenon in the scattering parameters of water molecules and the scattering characteristics are stable. Using the Stokes parameter to analyze the characteristics of ship wake, the information volume is more comprehensive, and the light scattering characteristics are obviously different, which appear to be useful for the analysis and detection of wake signal.