Under the macro background of the “double carbon” goals, the power industry faces both urgent pressure for low-carbon transition and developmental opportunities from profound adjustments in energy structure. From the perspective of collaborative optimization of carbon asset management and new energy, this study delves into the critical pathways to low-carbon transition in power systems. By constructing an application framework for carbon asset management in this transition—encompassing carbon quota management, carbon asset development, and carbon asset trading—and combining practical cases from the State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd., the feasibility and effectiveness of collaborative optimization of carbon asset management and new energy are validated. The results demonstrate that such integration can significantly reduce carbon emissions while ensuring the safe and stable energy supply, while also unlocking new pathways for carbon asset value enhancement.