This study establishes a thermal radiation pulse transport model to quantify the energy release rate and cumulative energy of thermal radiation across temporal variations, spectral bands, and propagation distances through dimensionless processing and numerical simulations. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the influence of atmospheric transmittance and air density ratios on the spatial distribution of thermal radiation energy, revealing the propagation characteristics of strong explosion-induced thermal radiation in spatial transmission and its wavelength dependency. The results demonstrate that temporally, the cumulative thermal radiation energy increases with time while exhibiting a gradually decreasing growth rate. During the fireball re-ignition phase, the visible band contributes a marginally higher proportion to cumulative energy, whereas the infrared band dominates during the cooling phase. Spatially, the thermal radiation energy decreases with lower altitude as propagation distance extends, until reaching a stabilization threshold where the spatial distribution becomes relatively constant. The developed model enables prediction of thermal radiation energy distribution at specific locations under arbitrary explosion conditions, providing theoretical support for protective design of wavelength-sensitive materials.