Numerical simulation calculation of the thermal effect of laser acting on metal material TC4 material is carried out by using multi-physics field coupling analysis software, and a two-dimensional axisymmetric transient physical model of Gaussian distributed pulsed laser acting on TC4 material at a single point is constructed from the theory of heat conduction and a theoretical model of the distribution of the temperature field of laser processing on the surface of titanium alloy is established. By discussing the laser processing mechanism and physical phenomena mainly occurring in laser ablation of metal surfaces, the theoretical model of laser ablation of metal material surfaces as well as the heat conduction equations for solving the temperature field distribution of the material are established, and studied by finite element simulation, and the results of the influences of the spot radius, laser power, and laser pulse width on the thermal effect of the surface of the titanium alloy are obtained, and the resultant surface is in the range of the spot radius of 0.3mm, the laser The results show that the surface is better processed when the spot radius is 0.3mm, the laser power is 1500W and the pulse width is 5000ns. This study provides a theoretical basis for the next finite element simulation and experimental research on the surface laser processing of titanium alloy.