In order to solve the polarization mismatch between echo and local oscillator caused by the atmospheric depolarization effect leading to a decrease in heterodyne efficiency of coherent wind light detection and ranging (LiDAR), the influence of echo polarization on signal-to-noise ratio and ranges and radial wind speed error was simulated using mathematical modeling method, based on the system composition and working principle of coherent Doppler wind LiDAR. By proposing a polarization state correction approach and using Jones matrix, a model was built to discuss the correction accuracy. According to the comparative test of radial wind speed, the influence of different echo polarization on radial wind speed accuracy was verified. The results show that for the same system and weather, if the echo is elliptical polarization, the maximum range will decrease by 46.7% and the radial wind speed accuracy will decrease by 63% compared to the circular polarization. This study provides theoretical support for the optimization of echo receiving module of coherent Doppler wind LiDAR.