Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.9 is preferentially expressed in peripheral nociceptors and plays an impor-tant role in the generation and propagation of electrical signals in nerves. Animal models and genetic studies have shown that it plays a major role in in.ammatory pain, neuropathic pain and cold allodynia. Therefore, NaV1.9 is a potential target for an-algesics. Here, we review recent studies that reveal the relationship between NaV1.9 and pain. NaV1.9’s expression location, physiological characteristics, animal models, genetic validation in humans and pharmacological study, and the development of targeted analgesics were discussed, to provide reference for the further research of the role of NaV1.9 in pain.