This paper proposes a new position-resolving readout anode based on charge capacitance-division, which can improve the spatial resolution and photon counting rate of its detector. Firstly, the key factors affecting the imaging performance of existing photon-counting imaging detectors are introduced and the advantages of using capacitance-division readout anodes are analyzed. Secondly, the principle of charge capacitance-division is theoretically deduced and the relation between photon position and detector signal output is analyzed. Then, based on the theoretical deduction, the impact of a capacitance-division anode′s physical parameters on the detector′s performance is analyzed. After that, the optimized design principle for a capacitance-division position-resolved anode is proposed. A novel readout anode based on charge capacitance-division for a photon counting detector is designed. Finally, by using the finite element simulation tool COMSOL, a model for that readout anode is established, which is used to simulate the process of position-sensitivity and its accuracy. The simulation results show that the position-resolution performance of the new readout anode with the optimized design is better than 50 μm in most areas.