With the advancement of technology and the upgrading of information-based equipment, laser target imaging echo simulators have become essential tools for simulating target characteristics in complex scenarios and evaluating system performance. These simulators provide high-precision echo characteristic reconstruction, offering reliable data support for the testing and optimization of information-based equipment. The accuracy of echo signals and the ability to acquire depth information directly influence the simulator’s capability to replicate real-world scenarios, thereby determining its effectiveness in supporting key technologies such as target recognition, tracking, and ranging. However, traditional target simulators, constrained by single-light-source imaging methods, struggle to effectively obtain target depth information, resulting in insufficient simulation accuracy in complex scenarios and limiting the accurate representation of target spatial structure characteristics. To address these limitations, a novel optical system for a laser target imaging echo simulator is proposed.A laser target imaging echo simulator optical system with a wavelength of 1064 nm has been designed to achieve precise simulation of dynamic target scenes. The system utilizes a high-uniformity 3×5 fiber array illumination scheme (Fig.9). It also integrates silicon-based liquid crystal and a relay system to construct a regionalized multi-wavefront superimposition imaging technique (Fig.12). Additionally, the projection system features a dual field-of-view optical system, allowing flexible switching between 2° and 3° field of view angles (Fig.15). Based on this, the stray light characteristics and energy uniformity of the optical system are analyzed, and potential accuracy and imaging errors between the theoretical design and actual processing of the optical system are evaluated to ensure the system’s imaging quality and stability.The illumination system can accommodate up to 15 channels, with each channel achieving a uniformity greater than 91% (Fig.10). The radius of the diffraction spot for each subchannel of the relay system is smaller than the Airy disk radius, while the optical system exhibits a distortion value of 0.7112% and a field curvature of <0.1 mm (Fig.13-Fig.14). The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) exceeds 0.4 at 26 lp/mm, and the energy concentration in the imaging optical system is high, with S.D≥0.9 (Fig.17-Fig.18). The polarization filter and stray light elimination stop reduce the system's stray light to 0.3%, improving suppression by a factor of 10.56 (Fig.23). The average energy uniformity at the system exit pupil remains consistent with the illumination system (Tab.5). Combining the tolerance analysis results, the system offers high imaging quality and good stability (Tab.8).The study provides a detailed description of an optical system for a laser target imaging echo simulator. Comprehensive analysis shows that the system features high illumination uniformity and excellent imaging quality, with the diffraction spot radius smaller than the Airy disk radius, approaching the diffraction limit. Additionally, the optical system exhibits low distortion and minimal field curvature. The projection system adopts a dual field-of-view optical system, ensuring adaptability to the aperture requirements of various devices under test. The system's tolerance distribution is well-balanced, meeting current manufacturing precision requirements and offering good assembly tolerance. The designed optical system delivers high-quality target image information, providing essential design guidance for accurately simulating training scenarios and target signals.