Mode-locking and ultrashort pulse synchronous pumping are the main ways to obtain ultrashort pulses from Raman fiber lasers. In the mode-locked Raman fiber lasers, high performance output can be achieved in the structure with equivalent saturable absorbers, but the limitation caused by the long gain fiber remains. The method of synchronous pumping can overcome this problem effectively and achieve excellent ultrafast Raman laser output. There is a great potential for the ultrafast Raman fiber laser technology, and future research will focus on further improving the overall performance of various ultrafast Raman fiber lasers and investigating new phenomena observed in these laser systems.