The recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) waste has become an inevitable trend in the development of science and technology and industry. In this paper, a method of recycling carbon fiber is introduced. Ultraviolet picosecond laser is used to vaporize the resin on the surface of CFRP, which can realize the recycling of surface carbon fiber. Based on the difficulty of carbon fiber extraction and the performance of recycled carbon fiber, the influence of recycling process parameter window and laser parameters on recycled carbon fiber is studied. The results show that with the increase of laser power, the parameter range of recycled carbon fiber becomes narrower. When the laser power is too high, the graphitization degree of carbon fiber will become serious. The graphitization degree of recycled carbon fiber is significantly affected by laser irradiation. Compared with the original fiber without laser irradiation, laser-induced graphitization improves the tensile modulus of the recycled carbon fiber, but reduces its tensile strength. The tensile strength of the recycled carbon fiber can reach 75% of the original fiber, and the tensile modulus can be increased by 14%. By controlling the laser processing parameters, the regenerated carbon fiber with good performance can be obtained.