In-line synchronous modulation as a way of mitigating the signal quality degradation induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) was experimentally studied using 10-Gb/s return to zero signal. Bit error rate of the degraded signal and the synchronously modulated signal under the differential group delay (DGD) values of 10, 20, 34, and 70 ps was measured and compared. The experimental results showed that in-line synchronous modulation is useful to mitigate the signal quality degeneration induced by PMD. 1-dB power penalty reduction was obtained even when the PMD was as high as 70% of the bit interval. The limitation of method is also discussed.