Brain glioma is a common type of brain tumor with a low cure rate and a high recurrence rate. Precise identification of tumor boundaries is an important prerequisite for reducing recurrence and improving prognosis. Developing a rapid, high-sensitivity and label-free diagnostic method is of crucial clinical significance regarding glioma. Raman spectroscopy can reflect substance’s chemical and structural information at the molecular level due to its fingerprint characteristics. It has already shown excellent prospects for the location and identification of glioma. Firstly, we introduce the different types of Raman spectroscopy technologies in this paper. Secondly, the research status of glioma diagnosis based on Raman spectroscopy is reviewed. Finally, the future development of glioma diagnosis through Raman spectroscopy is prospected.