To address changes in the Mueller-matrix polarization characteristics of polarized light passing through hazy environments containing ellipsoidal particles, this study employs a combined method involving a T-matrix and Monte Carlo simulation to perform multiparticle scattering simulations. Using the Mueller-matrix polarization decomposition method, the effects of different shapes of ellipsoid particles as well as the differences among spherical particles on the Mueller-matrix patterns, dichroism, resulting retardance, and depolarization are analyzed. The results show that for the single scattering of ellipsoid particles, when the horizontal-to-vertical ratio of the ellipsoid particle is reciprocal, the depolarization values and polarization degrees of a pair of ellipsoidal particles are similar. For multiple scattering, a sphere and an ellipsoid can be distinguished by Mueller-matrix elements M₂₄, M₃₄, M₄₂, and M₄₃, whereas the orientation of ellipsoid particles can be distinguished by Mueller-matrix elements M₁₂, M₁₃, M₂₁, and M₃₁. The dichroism of the ellipsoid particles becomes weaker than that of the spherical particles as the horizontal-to-vertical ratio increases. The phase-delay value of the ellipsoid particles does not significantly affect the shape variation of the ellipsoid particles, although its effect is stronger than that of the spherical particles. This study provides a theoretical foundation for future investigations pertaining to the Mueller matrix of ellipsoidal particles and provides a new method for atmospheric particulate-matter detection.