Traditional fluorescence microscopy extensively employs fluorescence imaging techniques in biological imaging, playing a crucial role in fundamental scientific research and clinical studies. However, conventional fluorescence microscopic systems often rely on spectral filters to separate fluorescence signals from excitation light, resulting in degradation of detection speed and sensitivity as well as complexity of the systems. To address this issue, we introduce two full-spectrum filterless microscopy imaging techniques. The first technique utilizes an ultrafast and broadband white light source, enabling fluorescence excitation without the need for spectral filtering. A time-resolved detector is employed to exclude excitation light in the time domain, thereby enhancing detection speed and sensitivity. The second technique exploits the polarization and coherence of fluorescence emission, employing linearly polarized illumination and a cross analyzer to improve the contrast between fluorescence and scattering light, facilitating fluorescence image acquisition within the 450-680 nm spectral range. These two full-spectrum filterless microscopy techniques offer efficient and sensitive solutions for the field of biological imaging while simplifying optical configurations.