Laser shock peening is a novel material surface modification technique, which is superior to conventional shot peening technology. The experiments and finite element analysis method are combined, the residual stress distribution of the fastener hole after laser shock peening is discussed under certain impact order. The results show that the combination of several small spots with diameter of 2.6 mm can lead to a large circular processed area of nearly 6 mm in diameter, which can replace a single large spot for shock peening. The amplitude of the surface residual stress is increased from 134 MPa after the first impact to 254 MPa after multiple laser shock peenings, and the maximum depth of shocked region is also gradually enhanced to 26.6 μm. After hole drilling in the shocked region, the maximum residual stress around the fastener hole edge decreases sharply. The simulation value agrees well with the experimental value.