With the escalation of war and the increasing tension in the international situation, the demand for detecting a specific location target in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne electro-optical pods is also becoming increasingly strong. To fulfill the feedback closed-loop control of traditional electro-optical pods, encoders, gyroscopes, and many other sensors are usually added to the system, which not only makes it difficult to meet the requirements for the size and weight of the pod, but also affects the center of gravity of the system, further increasing the difficulty of control. In order to solve the above problems and meet the high-precision and lightweight real-time tracking requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne optoelectronic pods for a certain target, a sliding film observer is innovatively applied to the permanent magnet synchronous motor three loop control algorithm to replace traditional physical sensors to achieve the geographic tracking function of electro-optical pods. On the basis of traditional three loop control of motors, a sliding film observer is used to observe the angle and speed information of the motor instead of the physical sensors, and the convergence law function is optimized based on the traditional sliding film observer, reducing the vibration of the system output and improving the overall stability accuracy. The experimental results show that the stability of the sliding mode observer using the sat function as the approaching law is significantly improved compared to the sign function used in traditional sliding mode observers. The ratio of the improved overshoot to output is decreased from 5.65% to 0.32%, which helps to improve the accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne optoelectronic pod geographic tracking.