For the application requirements of high electromechanical coupling coefficient and curved surface transducers, this paper proposes an improved 1-3 piezoelectric composite composed of piezoelectric ceramics, epoxy resin, and silicone rubber three-phase composites. Based on Newnhams series, parallel analysis, the theoretical model of the composite is derived, and the numerical calculations are conducted using Matlab. The effects of structural parameters of improved 1-3 piezoelectric composite on the thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, equivalent density, and thickness frequency constant. The results show that when the volume fraction of ceramic-epoxy composite phase ranges from 0.2 to 0.5, and when the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramics in ceramic-epoxy composite phase ranges from 0.6 to 0.7, the improved 1-3 piezoelectric composite has better performance parameters; The finite element simulation of composites are conducted using ANSYS software. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical calculation, and showed good consistency, verifying the accuracy of the theoretical model in evaluating material properties.