To study the interaction pattern of nanosecond pulse laser with aluminium debris, a dynamic response model of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation on aluminum debris was established, the dynamic characteristics of plasma expansion plumes under different action times and incident laser powers was investigated by COMSOL software, and the evolution rules of plasma expansion plumes generated by nanosecond pulse laser irradiating the debris were obtained with different laser parameters. The results show that the expansion velocity of plasma plumes increases with the increase of action times based on the same pulse laser power. At the same time, the maximum velocity of plasma expansion plumes increases with the increase of laser powers based on the same pulse laser time. According to the given conditions of this article, the maximum velocity of expansion plumes reached the maximum around 25 μs, and the maximum velocity at 700 kW is 1.87×104 m/s owing to the plasma shielding effect. At the moment, the diffusion radius of the plasma expansion plumes increases by 17 mm. The study provides a theoretical reference for the engineering application of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation of aluminium space debris de-orbiting removal.