Aspheric surface test is one of the priority research areas for high precision optical surface measurement. Computer-generated holography (CGH) is an important method to test aspheric surface, but its measurement accuracy is restricted by lots of influent factors. This paper focuses on the error analysis of paraboliod surface test with a corresponding CGH. Measurement errors are calculated by Zemax software. A paraboliod is practically tested by a corresponding CGH, and the mainly measurement errors, such as the CGH substrate′s transmitted wavefront error, coma and sphere a berration are analyzed. The measurement results are compared with confocal ball method. Analytical and experimental results indicate that CGH design and fabrication can achieve very high accuracy. After the calibration of CGH substrate′s transmitted wavefront, the root mean square (RMS) value of theoretic test accuracy is better than 4.2 nm. Defocus of CGH and decentration of paraboloid result in the major measurement error. After fine adjustment, the RMS value of practical measurement error will be better than 4.5 nm.