As a crucial industrial infrastructure equipment, the durability of die-casting machines directly affects product quality and enterprise efficiency, particularly the pressure chamber in injection components. This study examines the surface modification of the pressure chamber in die-casting machines using H13 steel as the substrate material and preparing two types of Fe-based coatings on its surface using laser cladding technology. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, microhardness testing, and an electrochemical workstation were used to analyze the phase composition, microstructure, element distribution, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the H13 coating. The results indicate that the coating prepared using the laser cladding technology exhibits better hardness and corrosion resistance compared with the substrate, providing a guide for prolonging the service life of the material cylinder in the die-casting machine.