High-frequency Satellite laser ranging (SLR) has the advantages of high accuracy, fast capture, large amount of observation data and high reliability. However, as the repetition frequency increases to more than 100 kHz, the existing measurement timing circuits cannot meet the requirements of system operation processing speed and real-time backscatter avoidance. In this paper, a design method for ultra-high-frequency satellite laser ranging timing circuits is proposed, using FPGAs instead of control computers for real-time calculation of gating distances, accurately generating gating signals to control the detector open, and using an alternating transceiver to adjust the laser ignition signal in real time to avoid backward-scattering interference. It can independently complete the calculation, storage and signal output of the distance gating output moment in laser ranging, and the highest working frequency is more than 500 kHz, which meets the requirement of 100 kHz ultra-high frequency ranging. The system has been successfully applied to the 100 kHz repetition rate SLR at Shanghai Observatory, and the standard point accuracy exceeds 200 μm, which verifies the correctness and potential of the FPGA-based ranging timing circuit. The circuit is simple in design, high in resolution, and easy to interact with the host computer, which provides an effective solution for the design of the timing control circuit of the ultra-high repetition rate SLR system from 100 kHz to MHz.