This research is oriented towards the practical problems in the field of infrared air-to-air early warning and detection, and carries out the design of the target detection algorithm for high-resolution infrared images and verification of engineering applications. In the paper, target detection algorithm based on median filter, convolutional filtering kernel morphological filtering, etc. are studied and designed, and the hardware transplant based on FPGA platform is verified and tested. Experiments show that the method adopted in this paper can achieve the target detection function of high-resolution infrared image, and improve the operation speed of the algorithm on the basis of FPGA hardware. The algorithm meets the requirements of real-time computing on the FPGA hardware platform.