The error of laser sensors directly affects their accuracy performance. In order to provide data support for the calibration of laser sensors, big data analysis technology is used to optimize the design of real-time estimation methods for laser sensor measurement errors. Taking into account the composition, structure, and working principle of laser sensors, simulate the measurement process of laser sensors. Determine the influencing factors and mechanisms of measurement errors from both internal and external perspectives, and use the collection and cleaning techniques in big data analysis to collect the working data and working environment data of laser sensors. Obtain the estimated results of measurement errors of laser sensors at any time. By comparing with traditional methods, it can be concluded that the estimated deviation value of the measurement error of the laser sensor optimized by the design method is reduced by about 16.5 mm.