ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and vitiligo, and analyze influence factors of vitiligo.MethodsOne hundred and thirty vitiligo patients (observation group) admitted to the hospital from June 2021 to May 2023 were enrolled, and 130 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled using propensity score matching method from the same period of hospital physical examination centers. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from whole blood and single nucleotide polymorphism of TLR4 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Hardy-Weinberg was used to verify compliance with the law of genetic balance. General informations and single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR4 gene were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of vitiligo.ResultsThe rs2149356, Asp299Gly, and Thr3991le loci of TLR4 genes of two groups all conformed to Hardy Weinberg's law of genetic balance (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequency of the rs2149356 locus of the TLR4 genes between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of Asp299Gly and Thr3991le sites of the TLR4 gene in the observation group was 28.46% and 10.00%, respectively, which were higher than the control group's 10.77% and 1.54% (P<0.05). Family history, a preference for stimulating diet, history of skin lesions, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score, serum Fe, Asp299Gly site and Thr3991le site of the TLR4 gene were all risk factors for vitiligo (P<0.05), while serum Zn, Cu, and Se were all protective factors for vitiligo (P<0.05).ConclusionThe Asp299Gly and Thr3991le sites of the TLR4 gene are both associated with vitiligo, and family history and a preference for stimulating diet etc. can all affect the risk of vitiligo.