In order to trapping multiparticle chain of different materials and different sizes, a double-tapered optical fiber tweezer (DOFT) was prepared by the interfacial layer etching method. A single-fiber optical tweezers system was built to trapping multiparticle chain of yeast, silica, polystyrene, and other materials. The experimental results show that for the particles of the same material, the number of particles trapped by the DOFT decreases with the increase of their size; as for the particles of the same size, the number of particles trapped by the DOFT decreases with the increase of their refractive index. By measuring the trapping force of the multiparticle chain, it is found that the farther from the probe, the smaller the trapping force. Therefore, the particles at the end of a probe will escape first under the external force. In addition, the results of theoretical calculations show that DOFT with second taper angle greater than 60° cannot trap two or more spherical particles, which is consistent with experimental observations. This study can be applied to precision machining and micro-nano fabrication.