Strabismus and amblyopia are common ocular disorders that significantly affect visual development in children. Given their high prevalence, early onset, and marked regional disparities, there is an urgent need for a standardized medical quality control system. Although China has issued relevant guidelines and expert consensus documents, a unified national framework for quality control is still lacking. With the advent of artificial intelligence and digital therapeutics, new opportunities have emerged for advancing specialty-specific quality management in strabismus and amblyopia care. This review aims to summarize recent progress in quality control research related to strabismus and amblyopia management both domestically and internationally, draw upon international experiences, and analyzes the major challenges currently faced in China. Furthermore, it explores potential strategies for establishing a comprehensive quality control system that spans screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, with the goal of promoting a shift from experience-based practices to standardized, data-driven care models in China.