During the past few decades, metamaterials have drawn much attention from the scientific community due to their remarkable electromagnetic (EM) properties that are not available in nature [1–3]. As forms of planar metamaterials, metasurfaces eliminate the bulk of metamaterials and lower the loss due to their negligible electrical thickness. Thus, metasurfaces have facilitated many intriguing functional devices such as lens antennas [4,5], polarization converters [6–8], vortex beam generators [9], and chromatic aberration-free metadevices [10]. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned works are passive, leading to fixed functionalities and characteristics.

To explore a new perspective of metasurfaces, programmable metasurfaces have been proposed and exploited, which can offer a flexible platform for implementing diverse functions [11–13]. Various control mechanisms have been explored to design the programmable metasurfaces, including the PIN diodes [14], varactors [15], photodiodes [16], and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) [17], and attained dynamic modulations of EM responses via external stimulus. In early research, most of the realized dynamic metasurfaces focused on the reconfiguration of a single freedom (amplitude, phase, polarization, etc.) under special polarization [18–21]. For example, the PIN diodes have been applied on metasurfaces to achieve beam scanning by changing the phase distributions [22,23]. The latest efforts started to be devoted to the design of programmable metasurfaces with multifunctional EM properties, which can dynamically regulate multiple degrees of freedom of EM waves. For instance, active dual-polarized metasurfaces loaded with varactors or PIN diodes can dynamically reshape the far-field scatterings for two orthogonal linear-polarization channels [24–26]. A series of metasurfaces has been proposed to achieve the surface wave directional radiation with customizable radiation intensity and switchable radiation pattern in two circular polarization channels [27]. Based on this, the number of channels can be further extended to four or even six channels [28,29]. In addition, various types of multifunctional programmable metasurfaces have also been reported, including scattering and radiation modes, full-space modes, and multi-polarized modes [30–33]. However, the EM functionality switching of the above-mentioned tunable metasurfaces must rely on the control of human beings.

In order to achieve intelligent manipulation of EM waves, metasurfaces should be capable of perceiving automatically external information and then adjusting adaptively its operating states to a changing environment. With this strategy, many intelligent metasurfaces with excellent performance have been proposed [34–37]. Very recently, an intelligent metasurface architecture integrated with sensing and feedback components has been presented, which can modulate adaptively the reflected patterns under different microwave incidences [38]. Furthermore, the combined use of deep-learning algorithms and detectors allows intelligent metasurfaces to be applied to more complex usage environments [39–41]. Nevertheless, most of the aforementioned intelligent metasurfaces either implement under special polarization or operate on narrow bandwidth.

To overcome the above limitations, here we propose a broadband intelligent metasurface with the capability of self-adaptive EM manipulation according to different states of polarization (SOPs) of the incident wave. It consists of sensing and feedback components to constitute a closed-loop system without the need for manual instructions. The sensing component uses polarization discrimination antennas (PDAs), which can recognize two orthogonal linear polarizations (x-LP and y-LP) and two orthogonal circular polarization waves (CP, i.e., LCP and RCP that are left- and right-handed CP). The overall process of our intelligent metasurface system is as follows: first, the PDAs sense the polarization of the incident EM wave; then, an operation instruction from the control system according to the polarization information is acquired; finally, dynamic switching of its EM functionality is made. As a proof of the concept, we experimentally realize an intelligent metasurface that automatically switches its EM functionality among beam scanning, specular reflection, diffuse scattering, and the vortex beam. Our approach provides a solid platform for intelligent and cognitive wideband metadevices.

Figure 1 illustrates the schematic of the proposed intelligent metasurface, which consists of the sensing module, the microcontroller unit (MCU), the control system, and the executing device. The sensing module has two channels (linear and circular PDA channels) to perceive the polarization of the illuminating wave and transform the polarization signal into the feedback voltage. Then, the MCU is used for information processing, which can select the coding sequence of the EM function corresponding to the output voltage. Many coding sequences need to be pre-stored in the MCU platform for diversified EM properties. The control system is mainly used to control the orientation of each meta-atom individually. The executing device adopts a broadband programmable metasurface with fully polarized characteristics, and a micromotor is assembled behind each meta-atom to realize dynamic reconfigurability. Our intelligent metasurface can self-adaptively implement four functions under different SOPs of the incident EM wave, including beam scanning, specular reflection, diffuse scattering, and the vortex beam. In brief, all the above-mentioned EM functions can be self-adaptively adjusted throughout the entire process.

In order to obtain the intelligent metasurface controlled by the polarizations of the illuminating wave, the key step is to design tunable meta-atoms that operate in full-polarization waves. Since CP waves are the eigenstates in analyzing the phase responses of metasurfaces, then arbitrary polarization waves can be decomposed into two orthogonal CP waves, that is, LCP and RCP waves. As a result, a metadevice capable of working under dual-CP waves is thus able to simultaneously work under an arbitrary polarization state. However, according to Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase theory, the functionalities under LCP and RCP waves are essentially locked together due to the opposite phase profile flipping as the spin state of incident waves. Limited by this, PB phase by rotating meta-atoms cannot achieve polarization-insensitive devices. Then, the core of the question naturally becomes how to achieve reprogrammable metasurfaces that completely decouple optical functions for different photon spins in a wide band. For a reflection meta-atom under the Cartesian coordinate system, the CP reflections with linear base after a rotation angle α can be written as (Appendix A) rLL=12[(rxx−ryy)−j(rxy+ryx)]e−2αj,(1a)rLR=12[(rxx+ryy)+j(rxy−ryx)],(1b)rRL=12[(rxx+ryy)−j(rxy−ryx)],(1c)rRR=12[(rxx−ryy)+j(rxy+ryx)]e2αj.(1d)

Here, rmn=|rmn|·ejφmn(m, n=x, y, L, and R), where the first subscript indicates the polarization state of the reflective wave and the second subscript indicates the incident polarization. From the equation we can clearly see that the phases φLL and φRR can be arbitrarily and independently manipulated through co-polarized or cross-polarized reflection coefficients.

The co-LP scheme indicates that complete distinct phases at two CP states can be achieved when |rxx|=|ryy|=1 and φxx−φyy=±π [42–44]. Therefore, the phases that are imparted to the LCP and RCP incident waves now are φLL=φxx−2α and φRR=φxx+2α. Theoretically, if we simultaneously impart phase patterns φLL=φRR, the metasurface can operate at any state of polarization in Poincaré spheres. The underlying reason is that any incident polarization state can be described by the superposition of two orthogonal CP states. In this case, the rotation angle α and the required co-polarization phase φxx and φyy can be obtained by φxx=φLL=φRR,(2a)φyy=φxx∓π,(2b)α=0.(2c)

On the other hand, the cross-LP scheme is adopted to decouple phases φLL and φRR for full-polarization modes [45]. Assuming a reciprocal system without mirror symmetry with the condition |rxy|=|ryx|=1 and φxy=φyx, we immediately obtain φLL=φxy−2α−π/2 and φRR=φxy+2α+π/2. Similarly, we impart phase patterns φLL=φRR to achieve full-polarization devices. Then the required cross-polarization phase φxy and rotation angle α can be derived as φxy=φyx=φLL=φRR,(3a)α=−π4.(3b)

It is noted that the condition of the co-LP scheme also applies to the cross-LP scheme when the original 0°-orientated counterpart rotates ±45°. Consider a reflection meta-atom exhibiting mirror symmetry; then its EM characteristics can be described by diagonal Jones matrix R=[rxx00ryy]. If rotated with an in-plane orientation angle θ, the meta-atom will exhibit a reflection Jones matrix R(θ), which can be extracted from Eq. (A2) in Appendix A and written as R(θ)=[rxx(θ)rxy(θ)ryx(θ)ryy(θ)]=[rxxcos2θ+ryysin2θrxx−ryy2sin2θrxx−ryy2sin2θrxxsin2θ+ryycos2θ].(4)

According to the condition of the co-LP scheme |rxx|=|ryy|=1 and φxx−φyy=±π, the reflection matrix R(θ) can be simplified as R(θ)=[cos2θsin2θsin2θ−cos2θ]ejφxx. It is implied that the reflection coefficients met the condition (|rxy|=|ryx|=1 and φxy=φyx) of the cross-LP scheme when the orientation angle of the co-LP scheme element is θ=±45°.

Based on the above-mentioned analysis, we design a basic building block for broadband polarization insensitivity, as shown in Figs. 2(a) and 2(b). Moreover, the micromotor technique is used to achieve dynamic modulation of EM functions for intelligent metasurfaces. The meta-atom is composed of a metallic layer with a mirror C-shaped structure supported by a circular substrate to facilitate rotation. The FR4 (εr=4.2, tanδ=0.015) is selected as the substrate with thickness h1=1mm, and the metallic structure is determined as an aluminum thin film with a thickness of 0.036 mm. A copper plate is used as the ground plane with h2=3mm below the substrate to ensure a high reflection efficiency. The formed thick air layer between them further improves the meta-atom bandwidth.

Notably, the orientation angle of the meta-atom is set as α=0° to validate the bi-co-polarized reflection property. Since the meta-atom is mirror symmetric with respect to the x and y axes, the reflection coefficients for the cross-polarized mode are all suppressed to zero, while the co-polarized reflection coefficients are entirely enhanced to 100%. Figures 2(c) and 2(d) show the simulated surface currents under the illumination of x- and y-polarized waves. The simulations were done in the microwave band using commercial software CST Microwave Studio. It is clear that the connecting rod of the mirror C-shaped pattern resonates when the y-polarized wave impinges on the meta-atom, whereas the lateral arcs resonate when the element is impinged by the x-polarized wave. In other words, φxx and φyy can be carefully regulated by the connecting rod and the arcs to engineer a broadband high-efficiency co-LP system.

Given the criterion of the co-LP scheme from Eq. (2), we can see that the key step to realize the polarization-insensitive property is to achieve a meta-atom with |rxx|=|ryy|=1 and φxx−φyy=±π in broadband. Figure 3(a) illustrates the reflection coefficients for two orthogonal LP waves at normal incidence. Within a wide frequency band 9–22 GHz, we do find that |rxx|=|ryy|≈1 (with realistic losses considered), and the condition φxx−φyy=180° is approximately satisfied. Multi-resonances are excited by such a structure, leading to the broadband property [46]. The thickness of the substrate and air layer will affect the working bandwidth. Based on the above analysis, we can acquire the conditions of the cross-LP scheme through a ±45° rotating operation to the meta-atom. To validate this criterion, we depict the simulated amplitude and phase of cross-polarization [rxy(45°) and ryx(45°)] after the meta-atom was rotated 45° in Fig. 3(b). As a comparison, we draw the theoretical results of Eq. (4) in the figure, which is calculated by rxy(45°)=ryx(45°)=(rxx−ryy)/2. It is apparent that good agreements can be observed between the simulation results and the theoretical predictions so that the condition |rxy|=|ryx|=1 and φxy=φyx can be fulfilled within a broadband. Results demonstrate that the criterion of the co-LP scheme is the basis for achieving full polarization characteristics.

We quantitatively studied the influence of angle α on the reflection when the meta-atom was illuminated by LP waves. Figure 3(c) shows the simulated amplitude and phase of rxx versus angle α at 14 GHz. We see that the reflection amplitude |rxx| decreases from almost one to zero when rotation angle α rotates from 0° to 45° while keeping other parameters constant. The reflection phase φxx is fixed at 180°, and it will be fixed at 0° when the angle α changes from 45° to 90°. The variation of the amplitude and phase follows rxx(α)=−cos2α, which agrees well with the theoretical calculation. It implies that the maximum of amplitude can be achieved when α is set to 0° or 90°, with an abrupt change of 180° in the phase response. On the other hand, ryy satisfies the relationship ryy(α)=cos2α [see Fig. 3(d)]. As shown, ryy has the same amplitude distribution as rxx while having a 180° phase shift.

To further observe the wideband characteristic of the meta-atom, the amplitude and phase difference of rxx and ryy with different α from 8 to 24 GHz are shown in Figs. 3(e) and 3(f). The results show that the amplitude of rxx and ryy varying against frequency has good parallelism properties across the whole band from 9 to 22 GHz. In addition, the phase difference remains constant in two separated ranges of 0° to 45° and 45° to 90° in this band, which is approximately fixed at ±180°. Therefore, we can see that both rxx and ryy have nearly 100% reflection efficiency when α is 0° or 90° with an abrupt phase change of 180°. Such characteristics can be well applied to a 1-bit coding metasurface. Meanwhile, the two orientation states of the meta-atom satisfy the conditions of the co-LP scheme (|rxx|=|ryy|=1 and φxx−φyy=±π), which implies it can be applied to polarization-insensitive devices in broadband. To achieve tunable meta-atoms, each element is connected to a micromotor by a shaft, and the orientation can be tunable with 0° or 90°.

Based on the analysis described above, we can design an electrically controlled reprogrammable metasurface for full polarization, whose meta-atom can be freely tunable with 0° or 90° orientation. We define two working states of the meta-atom as binary codes “0” and “1.” Here, the “0” element is characterized by a reflection phase of 0° whereas the “1” element is characterized by 180°. We denote the exhibited meta-atoms as “0” and “1” for different SOPs as illustrated in Fig. 4(a). It is noteworthy that, despite a 180° phase difference in φxx and φyy, they share the same encoding state due to the adoption of the binary encoding method.

In addition, an example is given to demonstrate that the reprogrammable metasurface can operate under any polarization incidence. We design a metasurface consisting of 40×40 meta-atoms with the coding sequence of “00001111…” along the y direction, and the binary phase diagram is displayed in Fig. 4(b). The phase coding sequence of “00001111…” means that the metasurface is encoded by the period of 00001111 in a line-controlled manner. The anomalous reflection angle of the beams can be calculated by the generalized Snell’s reflection law [47], θr=±arcsin(λ/Γ),(5)where λ is the free-space wavelength, and Γ is the periodicity of the coding sequence. In this scheme, the deviation angle of the beams apart from the z-axis is ±17.3°, with the working frequency set as 14 GHz. Figure 4(c) shows the simulated normalized scattering pattern under the x-polarized wave in the yoz plane at 14 GHz, and the deflection angle is ±17°. Under the normal incidence of plane waves, the scattering pattern from the metasurface can be calculated as Etotal(θ,φ)=∑m=1M∑n=1Ne−jφmn−jkPsinθ[(m−1/2)cosφ+(n−1/2)sinφ],(6)where θ and φ are the elevation and azimuth angles of an arbitrary direction, respectively, and φmn denotes the reflected phase from the (m, n) particle. k is the wavenumber in free space, and P is the periodicity of each element. In order to give a detailed comparison, we also plot in Fig. 4(c) the calculated scattering pattern, where good agreements are observed between the simulated result and the theoretical prediction.

As mentioned above, the rotation angles α=0° and 90° play a key role as they guarantee the identically spin-locked phase for CP waves (φLL=φRR). Such a feature allows the designed metasurface to operate at any polarization state in Poincaré spheres. To verify the full polarization properties, the simulated 2D scattering patterns for five input polarization states are exhibited in Fig. 5, including x-LP, y-LP, LCP, RCP, and elliptical polarization (EP) states. All results are almost identical, and the main beams are split into two symmetrical pencil beams, which are in good consistency with theory [see Fig. 4(c)]. To further illustrate the working bandwidth of the full-polarization reprogrammable metasurface, 3D radiation patterns for different polarization states at various frequencies are shown in Fig. 10 (Appendix B), where the highly directive dual beams are achieved between 9 and 21 GHz. It indicates that the reprogrammable metasurface can operate at arbitrary polarization states in broadband.

To realize the self-adaptive response to the polarization changes of incidence, two polarization discrimination antennas (PDAs) are meticulously designed to comprise the sensor for perceiving the incident polarization. The PDAs consist of two parts: the linearly PDA (LPDA) is applied to detect the x- and y-polarized incident waves, and the circular PDA (CPDA) is to LCP and RCP waves [48,49]. As Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) show, the LPDA integrates a patch array antenna and the metal ground with four interconnected slots. Four PIN diodes are employed to connect surrounding and central metal. The area of the antenna is 40mm×40mm (see Fig. 11 in Appendix C). A standard horn antenna was used to emit x- or y-polarized EM waves, and the antenna was excited by a vector network analyzer and power amplifier with 35 dBm radiation power. The distance between the emitting antenna and the LPDA was set as 1 m. The LPDA was connected directly to a digital multimeter to measure the DC voltage level, and the measured output DC voltages are presented in Fig. 6(c). Within the frequency range of 13.5–14.5 GHz, the output DC voltages are divided into positive and negative values, respectively, for x- and y-polarized incident waves, and their absolute values are greater than 5 mV. However, the absolute values of measured output DC voltages are less than 5 mV when the LPDA is excited by a standard CP horn antenna. We set the threshold of voltage of ±5mV as effective values, which indicates that the LPDA is applicable for discriminating x- and y-polarized waves. The proposed CPDA integrates a patch array antenna and four PIN diodes loaded on the slot ring, as illustrated in Figs. 6(d) and 6(e). More details about the working mechanism of the CPDA are provided in Fig. 12 (Appendix D). Figure 6(f) shows the measured output DC voltages of the CPDA. The results of the CPDA confirm the orthogonal CP detection ability.

Based on tunable meta-atoms with full polarization characteristics and the designed PDAs, we propose an intelligent metasurface that can switch EM functions automatically for different polarized incidences. First, the PDAs perceive the polarization of the incident EM wave and then convert the polarization information into the different feedback voltages. Second, the MCU selects the preset required coding pattern based on the feedback voltage. Finally, the control system independently regulates the orientation states of each meta-atom according to the coding pattern of functions. As schematically shown in Fig. 7, we can generate four functions—beam scanning for x-LP, specular reflection for y-LP, diffuse scattering for LCP, and vortex beams for RCP incident waves. The reflective beams for different polarizations are generated by a metasurface consisting of 40×40 elements with a total size of 360mm×360mm.

For beam scanning, four coding sequences of the metasurface and their EM responses under the x-polarized normally incident wave are shown in Fig. 7(a). The phase coding sequences are “0000011111…,” “00001111…,” “000111…,” and “0011…” along the y direction [Fig. 7(a-i)]. These sequences enable a twin beam to be asymptotically close to the z-axis in the yoz plane, as demonstrated by the simulated 3D far-field scattering patterns of the metasurface at 14 GHz in Fig. 7(a-ii). The deviation angle of the twin beams can be calculated by Eq. (5), which results in ±13.8°, ±17.3°, ±23.4°, and ±36.5° for the four cases. In all cases, deviation angles of the simulated 2D far-field radiation patterns are consistent with the theoretical predictions [see Fig. 7(a-iii)]. The simulated E-field pattern from 8 to 24 GHz is also illustrated in Fig. 7(a-iv) to analyze the operating bandwidth. The angles of the maximum scattering direction are in good coincidence with the theoretical results (blue asterisks) from 9 to 22 GHz. Next, for y-polarized incidence, the EM function is switched into specular reflection, and the coding pattern and the EM responses are shown in Fig. 7(b). The simulated far-field scattering patterns indicate that the metasurface can serve as a reflector.

Supposing the LCP wave illuminates the intelligent metasurface, the EM function is switched into diffuse scattering. The coding particles are randomly distributed on the surface, and the corresponding coding phase pattern is given in Fig. 7(c-i). Figure 7(c-ii) depicts the simulated 3D scattering pattern at 19 GHz. We observe that the incident wave is diffused in numerous directions uniformly. For comparison, we plot the 2D RCS pattern at 19 GHz, and the monostatic RCS reductions of the metasurface and the reference metallic plate from 8 to 24 GHz, as drawn in Figs. 7(c-iii) and 7(c-iv). All results indicate that the metasurface can be used to reduce RCS in broadband.

To generate vortex beams, the intelligent metasurface is illuminated by a normally incident RCP plane wave. The coding pattern of the vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode of l=±1 is shown in Fig. 7(d-i). Details can be found in Appendix E. In Fig. 7(d-ii), the simulated 3D scattering pattern reveals that the main beam exhibited a ring-shaped intensity profile with a hollow center, which coincides with the characteristic profile of vortex beams. In addition, the phase profiles of the generated beams are illustrated in Fig. 7(d-iii), where OAM modes of ±1 are observed for the deflected beams in the yoz plane. More detailed information of the simulated 3D radiation patterns at different frequencies is shown in Fig. 13 (Appendix E), where vortex beams are achieved between 9 and 21 GHz. The simulated scattering pattern from 8 to 24 GHz is shown in Fig. 7(d-iv), where the blue asterisks represent the peak angles at different frequencies obtained by theory. As the working frequency increases from 9 to 22 GHz, the elevation angles of the reflective beams change from 27.5° to 11°.

To experimentally demonstrate the self-adaptive EM manipulation capability of the proposed intelligent metasurface, we fabricated a sample based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology, as shown in Fig. 8(a). The sample contained 20×20 meta-atoms, and its dimension was 180mm×180mm. The size of the fabricated sample is reduced to half of the model in the simulations. We used 3D printing technology to design a frame placed beneath the copper plate so that the thickness of the air layer is exactly 3 mm. The photograph of the individual meta-atom loaded with the micromotor is shown in the inset of Fig. 8(a), where the metallic ground plane is removed for a clear view of the structure and the micromotor. The DC micromotor and limit structure were adopted in the prototype to rotate each meta-atom with 0° or 90°. The response time and power consumption of the prototype were 0.3 s and 44 W, respectively. Then, all of the micromotors were linked to the I/O ports of the control system. Since each micromotor is individually and dynamically regulated, the metasurface can be reprogrammed to enable different functions for various SOPs.

In the experiments, the intelligent metasurface, PDAs, and emitting source are fixed on a rotatable table in a microwave chamber, as shown in Fig. 8(b). The metasurface is surrounded by absorbers to reduce the impact of the control system on the EM environment. The distance between the metasurface and the emitting source was about 2.2 m to ensure a quasi-plane wave illumination. Here, the PDAs are placed between the metasurface and the source, and the distance between the PDAs and the source was 1 m. By automatically rotating the table, the radiation from the metasurface was recorded by a vector network analyzer through a receiver.

We first demonstrate the beam scanning performance when the intelligent metasurface is illuminated by an x-polarized wave. Figure 9(a) plots the measured 2D scattering pattern of the metasurface with different phase coding sequences at 14 GHz, the two cases corresponding to “00001111…” and “0011….” The result shows that the main beams are deflected to the angles around ±17° and ±36°, which is in good agreement with the simulated one displayed in the figure in line. To quantitatively estimate the operating bandwidth, we measured the frequency-dependent 2D far-field scattering pattern in case 1, where the blue asterisks represent the deflection angle obtained by simulations, as illustrated in Fig. 9(b). It verifies that the proposed metasurface can work well in a certain frequency band from 10 to 22 GHz. By changing the polarization of the incident wave into y, the intelligent metasurface automatically switches its EM function to reflection. Figure 9(c) presents the measured and simulated 2D scattering pattern at 14 GHz. The pattern shows the radiation in a pencil beam.

Similarly, under LCP wave excitation, the EM function is switched into diffuse scattering. Figure 9(d) compares the measured and simulated 2D RCS patterns in the xoz plane at 19 GHz, which is obtained by normalizing the reflection to a same-sized metallic plate under normal incidence. It can be seen that the experimental result is in good agreement with the simulation. Our sample can suppress the beam intensity by about 15 dB, achieving scattering reduction in all directions. Moreover, Fig. 9(e) plots the RCS reductions in the experiment and simulation, and the −10dB RCS reduction covers the frequencies 17.5–21 GHz. Finally, when the incident is an RCP wave, the intelligent metasurface can generate vortex beams by automatically reconfiguring the meta-atoms. The performance of vortex beams was measured by far-field and near-field experiments. The measured 2D scattering pattern on yoz plane at 14 GHz is shown in Fig. 9(f), and the energy null is located in the directions of ±36°. The measured result is in good agreement with the simulated one, demonstrating the capability of generating well-defined vortex beams. The results of the near-field experiment can be found in Fig. 14 (Appendix E).

Finally, the performances of the proposed design are compared with that of some representative intelligent metasurfaces, as summarized in Table 1. It is clear that the proposed intelligent metasurface can work in orthogonal linear and circular polarization channels, and has a much wider frequency band. The advantages enable our design to be applied in broadband and multi-polarized intelligent systems.Table 1.

Comparison of Performances with Reference Papers

In summary, we have demonstrated an intelligent metasurface operating in broadband with high self-adaptability, which can achieve EM manipulation in response to different SOPs of the incident wave without human control. It is mainly composed of the sensing module, the MCU, the control system, and the executing device, and it establishes a complete sensing and feedback system. The sensing module is accomplished by two PDAs, which directly convert the polarization information of the incident EM wave to DC voltage signals. The polarization information encompasses orthogonal linear and circular polarizations, specifically x-LP, y-LP, LCP, and RCP. The MCU is used for information processing, and the control system switches the EM functions of the executing device. A reprogrammable metasurface with full polarization characteristics is adopted as the executing device. The intelligent metasurface can switch four EM functions for different polarizations (including beam scanning, reflection, diffuse scattering, and vortex beams) by rotating the meta-atoms that are controlled by the electrically driven micromotors. Experimental results verified that the realized intelligent metasurface can adjust its operation state automatically, according to the perceived polarization of the incoming wave. In comparison to the smart metasurface we previously proposed, the new intelligent metasurface is the first to combine polarization information for self-adaptive EM manipulation in broadband. We believe that this work will further promote the development of intelligent and cognitive metasurfaces, which may find potential application in intelligent materials and systems.