Thulium fiber laser is a new type of laser with excellent lithotripsy potential, which has received wide attention in the field of urology in recent years. This paper discusses its performance characteristics, lithotripsy principles, lithotripsy safety and clinical applications. Compared with holmium laser, it has higher lithotripsy efficiency and safety, and its clinical application is expected to promote a new change in the field of urolithiasis treatment in urology.