Five wild germplasm resources collected from Yunnan， Guizhou， Sichuan， Hunan and other places， with Changbanpo No.1 variety of Houttuynia cordata in Dangyang City， Hubei Province as the control （CK）， were introduced to Liangzihu District of Ezhou， and the main agronomic and yield traits including the plant height， stem thickness， branch number， leaf length and leaf width， petiole length， inflorescence length， peduncle length， bract number， yield， number of nodes and node length of the above- and below-ground parts， as well as the moisture content， vitamin C， free amino acids， soluble sugar， soluble protein， crude fat， chlorogenic acid， and flavonoids were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the geographical provenances had a significant impact on the agronomic， yield traits， and functional component accumulation of Houttuynia cordata. Houttuynia cordata from Zunyi， Guizhou， had excellent growth indicators such as yield， plant height， tillering number， stem thickness， leaf morphology， and inflorescence morphology， as well as quality indicators such as water content， free amino acids， and crude fat in the aboveground parts. The yield of the aboveground parts reached 5.24 kg/m2， which was significantly higher than the control， with an increase of 60.7%. The content of free amino acids reached 4.321 mg/g， with an increase of 102.3%. The resources from Zhaotong， Yunnan， showed significantly better performance in all nutritional quality traits than those from other producing areas， with a soluble sugar content of 9.089 mg/g， 2.27 times that of the control. However， the underground stem from Guanghan， Sichuan， had better medicinal quality， with a flavonoid content of 7.744 mg/g， 2.27 times that of the control. The correlation analysis showed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with yield （r=0.82）， leaf length was extremely significantly positively correlated with leaf width （r=0.99）. The water content of the aboveground part was significantly positively correlated with free amino acids and soluble sugars （r=0.82）， and the crude fat of the underground stem was extremely significantly positively correlated with flavonoids （r=0.95）. This study clarifies the differences in agronomic， yield， and quality traits of the germplasm resources from six typical planting areas across the country in the Li?angzihu District of Ezhou， which can provide a reference for the introduction and development and utilization of Houttuynia cordata germplasm in the Jianghan Plain.