The digital data created by human being grows exponentially in time. Conventional magnetic storage technologies are difficult to meet this challenge. It means that new storage technologies with higher capacity, higher security and longer storage time should be developed to meet the challenge in information age. With the invention of lasers and the rapid development of nanotechnology, multidimensional optical data storage based on the polarization and wavelength dependent responses of gold nanorods was demonstrated to be capable of meeting these requirements. We will review the recent progresses about five-dimensional optical data storage and multilevel storage utilizing disorder gold nanorod from the structured matter point of view and super resolution storage from the structured light point of view, respectively. We also provide outlooks for how to further increase the capacity of the five dimensional optical data storage and our future prospective of this technology.