Temperature measurement methods and principles of the distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS ) are studied and discussed. The research profile and current research trends are introduced in this paper. New generation of optical fiber sensing mechanism based on optical fiber nonlinear effect is explored. The fusion principle of optical fiber nonlinear scattering effect is put forward to research and design a new generation of series distributed optical fiber sensors based on Raman and Brillouin scattering. The reliability, spatial resolution and temperature measurement accuracy of the system are improved using optical fiber dispersion and loss spectra of auto-correction method. Using pulse code modulation source, the signal to noise ratio of DOFS is improved.