The rapid development of mega constellations led by Starlink has a huge impact on space security, astronomical observation and other aspects.Effective monitoring is urgently needed and optical observation is the most effective observation method.Satellite orbit model and optical reflection model are established based on the orbital information and satellite structure characteristics of all 42000 Starlink satellites.The distribution of satellite visual magnitude in different regions at different seasons and times of night was simulated.According to the imaging characteristics of Starlink satellite’s observation by photoelectric equipment, the imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model was established.The SNR distribution of Starlink satellite observation by 50mm aperture photoelectric equipment was simulated, and verified through observation experiments using a 50mm aperture image total station.The results show that the higher the latitude, the longer the Starlink satellite can be observed at night, with the longest observable time in summer and the shortest in winter.The maximum number of satellites can be observed near 40°north and south latitude, making it the optimal observation location.The closer the satellite is to the zenith position of the observation station, the higher the visual magnitude brightness, the higher the imaging SNR when the photoelectric equipment observes.