Tropical islands are among the most biodiverse regions on Earth， with the rivers that are shorter and more diverse than continental rivers. It is crucial to assess the physical habitat health of tropical island rivers for biodiversity protection， water resources management and economic development. At present， the health of river physical habitat is mostly assessed using monitoring points and quadrats， which do not take into account representativeness， convenience， or safety. It is difficult to accurately and completely reflect the status of river physical habitat， and it is time-consuming and laborious. The physical habitat health evaluation index system of tropical island rivers was constructed applying remote sensing technique， with the major rivers in the Nandu River basin， Changhua River basin and Wanquan River Basin of Hainan Island serving as the research objects. The physical habitat health evaluation of 27 rivers in the three river basins was first and comprehensively assessed using hierarchical analysis and expert scoring methods. The results indicated that： （1）The Nandu River Basin， Changhua River Basin and Wanquan River Basin are mainly made up of forest and farmland ecosystems， with the farmland ecosystems accounting for the largest proportion in the entire basin. （2）The vegetation coverage in the riverbank zone of the entire watershed is generally high， reaching over 70%， and is primarily composed of artificial economic forests. The overall natural shoreline rate is low， with an average rate of 41.93%， and the human activities have a significant impact on the riparian zone. （3）The physical habitat evaluation of rivers in the three major basins predominantly falls into a sub-healthy state， followed by an unhealthy state. Based on the current state of ecological and environmental protection in Hainan， relevant research can provide data support for the accurate implementation of ecological protection and governance in the basin， as well as a reference for setting thresholds for relevant evaluation criteria such as water ecological assessment in tropical islands.