To explore the advantages and disadvantages of layer breeding in various cities in Shanxi Province, the comprehensive comparative advantage index method was adopted. By calculating the scale advantage index and efficiency advantage index, the comprehensive comparative advantages of layer breeding in various cities in the study area were calculated, and targeted suggestions were proposed. The results indicated that Yangquan, Xinzhou, and Datong had significant scale advantages; Jincheng, Datong, and Shuozhou had high efficiency comparative advantages; the comprehensive comparative advantage index of Yangquan, Xinzhou, and Datong was higher; most cities had the advantage of raising laying hens. Suggestions were put forward to create favorable conditions for the development of the egg chicken industry in the region, promote scientific breeding to improve breeding efficiency, advance the industrialization of layer breeding, and increase brand building efforts. This article provides references for promoting the sustainable and high quality development of the layer breeding industry in the research area.