In practical environment, severe interference can be observed in the extraction of rotational Doppler signals due to atmospheric turbulence and non-ideal targets. In order to retrieve effective Doppler signals amidst such interference, a method of polarization measurement employing higher-order vector vortex beams was employed. Subsequently, a rotational Doppler measurement system with resistance to turbulence, founded on vector vortex beams, was established, enabling the determination of rotational Doppler shifts under varying turbulence intensities. Doppler signals for rough targets moving at diverse velocities were obtained successfully. Experimental findings suggest that, the measurement of two angular velocities under different turbulence intensities using the 5th, the 10th, the 15th, and the 20th order vortex beams validates that within intricate environments. Turbulence noise can be substantially filtered out through the utilization of the polarization dimension. Thus, the accurate measurement of the angular velocities of objects can be realized. Furthermore, higher-order vortex beams are more advantageous in enhancing the robustness of the measurement system in complex environments. This study offers invaluable references for data monitoring in turbulent environments across a spectrum of disciplines, encompassing wind power generation, weather forecasting, medical research, and marine and atmospheric sciences.