With the increasing level of confrontation between precision-guided weapons, the advantages of dual-mode composite guidance with high hit accuracy are becoming more. This paper designs a common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component. The common aperture optical structure can reduce the system size, visible imaging subsystem can obtain high-definition images of the target, and the laser receiving subsystem can perform high-precision positioning measurements on the center of the laser spot reflected by target. We first use geometric optics method to calculate the focal length of the each optical subsystem, and then use optical simulation software of Zemax for design and optimization. The calculated focal length of the visible light imaging subsystem is about 80 mm and that of the laser receiving subsystem is about 17.7 mm. The result of design and optimization of Zemax is that the common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component consists of eight lenses, one filter and one splitting cube prism. The visible light imaging subsystem consists of a total of six lenses and one cube prism. The laser receiving subsystem consists of five lenses, one cube prism, and one filter. The two subsystems share three lenses and one cube prism. The entire system has an incident light aperture of 26.7 mm and an F number of 3. We also used Zemax optical simulation software to analyze the MTF curves and point plots of the visible light imaging system in the meridional and sagittal directions at the diffraction limit, 0°, 1.999 6°, 2.777 3°, 3.338 4° and 4° tilt angles at temperature of 20 ℃, -40 ℃ and 60 ℃, as well as the distortion plots of light at wavelengths of 0.480 0 μm, 0.546 1 μm, 0.643 8 μm, 0.450 0 μm and 0.750 0 μm, and the sum and difference ratio curve of laser spot energy distribution via deflection angle for quadrant detector based on the laser spot energy distribution with deflection angle 0°, 0.5°, 1°, 1.3° and 5°. All calculation results meet the design requirements. The entire system has identify vehicle targets of 4.6 m×2.3 m at a working distance of 5 km, and building targets of 10 m×0 m at a working distance of 15 km; the laser receiving system has a full receiving field of view of ±5°, a linear receiving field view of ±1.3°, and an interception distance longer than 8 km.Based on the distribution of optical paths, combined with the requirements of optical processing and mechanical structure processing for the dimensional accuracy of eccentricity, tilt, center thickness, and air gap of each group of lenses, this paper finally designs a common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component with good imaging quality. Visible light imaging subsystem lens are mainly composed of a main barrel, six lenses, a cubic prism, five pressure rings, and four spacers. Laser receiving subsystem lenses are mainly composed of a main barrel, five lenses, a cubic prism, a filter, two pressure rings, and three spacers. The overall optical system length is 90mm and the width is 44.5mm. After adding the mechanical structure, the volume is 93.6 mm×68 mm×50 mm and weight is 227 g. We used collimator, microscopes, and focusing screen to measure the physical focal length of the common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component. The final measurement results showed that the focal length of the visible light imaging subsystem is 78.25 mm and the focal length of the laser receiving subsystem is 19.20 mm. We take visible spectrum photo of buildings within 3 km using the common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component. The size of the text on the sign on the building is basically the same as the size of the vehicle, and this optical system can clearly recognize the content of the sign text on the building, obviously is able to identify the vehicle target. We conducted field of view calibration tests on the common aperture laser/visible light dual-band composite photoelectric guidance component using an electric turntable and a 1 064 nm solid-state pulse laser at the micro watt level. Within the range of ± 1.3° yaw angle of the turntable, the pre calibration yaw angle and turntable yaw angle are linearly related. The system is simple and compact, easy to assemble and adjust, suitable for the trend of miniaturization of seekers, has very high practical value.