Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser measurement exhibits the advantages of high precision, wide range, good sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability, enabling the noncontact measurements of high dynamic targets. This measurement technique has an important value in the large-scale precision measurement and machining and manufacturing fields and has become a hot spot in the laser precision and absolute measurements. Herein, the principle of FMCW laser measurement is introduced, current application requirements of long-distance measurements are analyzed, and key points of FMCW laser measurement at home and abroad are highlighted. In this study, an FMCW laser measurement system is developed based on high-sensitive coherent detection technology, which realizes the meter-level ranging of diffuse reflection targets at 10 km. Results provide an important reference for the future long-distance, high-precision FMCW laser measurement at home.