Polarization converters can indirectly achieve dynamic adjustability of the optical response characteristics of geometric phase multifunctional optical devices by dynamically adjusting the polarization state of the incident light. Polarization converters based on liquid crystal have many advantages such as high control efficiency, large control area, and high compactness, etc., making them the most widely used polarization converters at present. This article systematically introduces the latest research progress of liquid crystal polarization converters based on the three core parameters of polarization conversion efficiency, operating frequency band, and field of view angle. The detailed structures and performance performances of typical liquid crystal polarization converters and large angle and wide band liquid crystal polarization converters are presented. The expansion methods of operating frequency band and angle of view for liquid crystal polarization converters are also introduced. This work can provide necessary references for the structural design and application of liquid crystal polarization converters, and also provide some ideas for research based on geometric phase or novel phase control modes.